Reactive oxygen species,reactive nitrogen species and antioxidants in etiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type-2     

P. P. Singh  Farzana Mahadi  Ajanta Roy  Praveen Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(4):324-342

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Dyslipidemia in pregnancy may contribute to increased risk of neural tube defects -a pilot study in north Indian population     

Supriya Gupta  Sarika Arora  S. S. Trivedi  Ritu Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(2):150-154

Neural tube defects are congenital structural abnormalities of the brain and vertebral column resulting from improper or non-timely closure of the neural tube. Prevalence of neural tube defects is reported to be higher among women with diabetes mellitus and obesity. This study was designed to investigate the relation between the presence of dyslipidemia in antenatal patients and the risk of fetal neural tube defects. The present study was an observational, cross-sectional study involving 129 pregnant women in 16 to 18 weeks gestation period. Of these, 80 women had normal pregnancies and 49 were clinically high-risk cases for neural tube defects. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for blood sugar and lipid profile by enzymatic assay and alpha-fetoprotein levels using Enzyme Immunoassay. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values were converted to Multiples of Median (MoM) appropriate for the gestational age. Based on AFP values, women were labeled as screen negative (AFP <2 MoM, n= 102) and screen positive (AFP > 2 MoM, n =27). Screen positive women were further evaluated by ultrasound and 21 women were found to carry a neural tube defects positive pregnancy. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS software. Body weight of the women showed a significant positive correlation with serum triglycerides, plasma sugar and AFP MoM values. A significant difference was observed in serum cholesterol levels (p= 0.038), triglycerides (p=0.001) and plasma sugar levels (p=0.002) between normal women and those with neural tube defects positive pregnancy. The Odds ratio for neural tube defects risk in dyslipidemic cases was 24.23 (CI 4.73 − 148.60) with a relative risk of 12.12. Dyslipidemia especially hypertriglyceridemia was found to be significantly associated with fetal neural tube defects.  相似文献   

Evaluation of antioxidant profile and activity of amalaki (Emblica officinalis), spirulina and wheat grass     

Vasudha Shukla  Manish Vashistha  Som Nath Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(1):70-75

Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of amalki (Emblica officinalis), spirulina and wheatgrass were prepared and analyzed for antioxidant vitamin content (vitamin C and E), total phenolic compounds. Antioxidant status, reducing power and effect on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were evaluated in vitro. Vitamin C content of crude amalaki powder was found to be 5.38 mg/g, while very less amount 0.22 mg/g was detected in wheat grass. Amalki was rich in vitamin E like activity, total phenolic content, reducing power and antioxidant activity. Total antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of amalki, spirulina and wheat grass at 1mg/ml concentration were 7.78, 1.33 and 0.278 mmol/l respectively. At similar concentrations the total antioxidant activity of alcoholic extract of amalaki, spirulina and wheat grass was 6.67, 1.73 and 0.380 mmol/l respectively. Amalki was also found to be rich source of phenolic compounds (241mg/g gallic acid equivalent). Alcoholic extract of wheat grass showed 50 % inhibition in FeCl₂- ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogenates in vitro. Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of amalaki inhibited activity of rat liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) in vitro in dose dependant manner. Since GST acts as powerful drug metabolizing enzyme its inhibition by amalaki offers possibility of its use for lowering therapeutic dose of herbal preparations. The aqueous extracts of both amalki and spirulina also showed protection against t-BOOH induced cytotoxicity and production of ROS in cultured C₆ glial cells.  相似文献   

Blood glutathione levels in head and neck malignancies     

Y. P. Singh  O. P. Sachdeva  S. K. Aggarwal  K. Chugh  Harbans Lal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(3):290-292

Blood glutathione was estimated in fifty patients of head and neck cancer in the age group of 18–76 years and the results were compared with a group of normal healthy controls. Mean blood glutathione level was found to be significantly lowered in patients than the controls. Irrespective of the site, TNM classification, histopathology, and character of lesion, fall in blood glutathione was nearly same in all the patients. The mean level was significantly increased after radiotherapy when compared with the levels before radiotherapy. The decreased levels of GSH in-patients with head and neck cancer, observed in the present study, may be due to its increased utilization by the cells. The results suggest that patients with head and neck cancer have increased oxidative stress.  相似文献   

Effect of irbesartan on streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy: An interventionary study     

Richa Vaishya  Janardhan Singh  Harbans Lal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(2):195-197

Effect of irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, was studied in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic nephropathy. Polyuria, proteinuria, blood urea, creatinine clearance, and urinary electrolytes were determined to assess kidney damage. There was a significant increase in urine volume, urinary protein and blood urea in STZ induced diabetic rats. On the other hand, irbesartan treatment resulted in a significant reduction in urinary protein and blood urea in these rats. Irbesartan treatment also improved creatinine clearance and exhibited a natriuretic effect in these animals. Results suggest that irbesartan treatment ameliorate STZ induced diabetic nephropathic changes, in rats.  相似文献   

Distributed R&D, cross-regional knowledge integration and quality of innovative output   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jasjit Singh 《Research Policy》2008,37(1):77-96

We explore the impact of geographic dispersion of a firm's R&D activities on the quality of its innovative output. Using data on over half a million patents from 1127 firms, we find that having geographically distributed R&D per se does not improve the quality of a firm's innovations. In fact, distributed R&D appears to be negatively associated with average value of innovations. This suggests that potential gains from access to diverse ideas and expertise from different locations are, on average, offset by difficulty in achieving integration of knowledge across multiple locations. To investigate whether the innovating teams that do manage cross-fertilization of ideas from different locations achieve more valuable innovations, we analyze innovations for which there is evidence of such knowledge cross-fertilization along any of the followings dimensions: knowledge sourcing from other locations within the firm, having at least one inventor with cross-regional ties, and having at least one inventor that has recently moved from another region. Analysis along all three dimensions consistently reveals a direct positive effect cross-regional knowledge integration has on innovation quality, as well as a positive interaction effect of cross-regional knowledge integration and distributed R&D for innovation quality. More generally, our findings provide new evidence regarding the importance of cross-unit integrative mechanisms for achieving superior performance in multi-unit firms.  相似文献   

Combining Work and Learning in the Informal Economy: Implications for Education, Training and Skills Development     

Madhu Singh 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2000,46(6):599-620

Although education is identified as a key determinant of economic development and poverty eradication, this relationship is only possible when educationists are able to provide a comprehensive picture of the educational process in working life. In this paper it is argued that if systems of education and training are to cater to both the formal and the informal labour markets, then they need to take into account the traditions and values of the system of vocational learning in working life, cater to the requirements of local development and be based on an understanding of the kinds of competencies people in the informal economy want, need and utilise, the socio-economic and cultural contexts within which they work, and how they cope and sustain their livelihood strategies.  相似文献   

Editorial Introduction     

Madhu Singh 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2000,46(6):477-482

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Assessment of oxidative stress and effect of antioxidant supplementation during radiotherapy in carcinoma of upper digestive tract     

Soma Gupta  K. K. Singh  V. J. Vyas  V. N. Chaturvedi  M. V. R. Reddy  B. C. Harinath 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2000,15(1):52-55

Oxidative stress was studied by estimating plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), beta carotene, vitamin E and erythrocytic superoxide dismutase(E-SOD) activity in 50 cases of carcinoma of upper digestive tract which included carcinoma of oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus. While plasma MDA level was found to be increased (3.5±1.0 nmole/ml), a significant decrease in beta carotene (81.2±14.5mg%), vitamin E (8.5±1.1 mg/L) level and E-SOD activity (657.0±80.6 U/G Hb) were observed in carcinoma of upper digestive tract. Patients were treated with radiotherapy which itself was toxic enough and produced its deleterious effects by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As antioxdiants can detoxify ROS, beneficial effect if any, of antioxidant administration during radiotherapy was studied in two groups of patients, group A (n=5, supplemented with antioxidants) and group B (n=5, without antioxidant supplementation). Plasma MDA level was found to be elevated in both the groups but the increase in group B was significant, compared to pretreatment level. Further, body weight was found to be significantly decreased in group B patients, which was maintained in group A patients. Moreover, group A patients showed significant elevation in beta carotene concentration, thus showing beneficial effect of administration of antioxidants during radiotherapy without disturbing the desirable therapeutic effect of radiotherapy.  相似文献   

Changes in serum copper levels in patients with malignant diseases undergoing radiotherapy     

H. R. Mali  S. A. Siddiqui  Madhur Garg  R. K. Singh  M. L. B. Bhatt 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1998,13(1):36-40

Present study repots changes in serum copper levels (SCL) in various neoplastic diseases undergoing radiotherapy. We estimated SCLs in 140 individuals comprising of 90 previously untreated patients with various malignancies and 50 healthy controls. Patients received radiation in doses of 40–70 Gy in 4–7 weeks. SCLs were again estimated in patients following irradiation. The mean SCL was significantly higher (P<0.001) in cancer patients as compared to healthy controls. It declined significantly (P<0.001) following irradiation. However, it remained significantly higher as compared to healthy controls (P<0.01). Highest fall in SCL was seen in complete clinical responders and least in non-responders to radiation treatment. Serial estimation of SCLs may be useful in the treatment monitoring of the neoplasms undergoing radiation treatment.  相似文献